Ukugcinwa kwamandla akukhankanywanga konke konke! Phantsi komgaqo-nkqubo omtsha, indlela esebenza ngayo imboni yebhetri itshintshile!

I. Yintoni "Ukusetyenziswa kweZigaba"?

Ngaphambi kokuba siqonde utshintsho lomgaqo-nkqubo, kufuneka siqale siqonde ukuba yintoni "ukusetyenziswa okunezigaba".

Sele sivile ngengcamango yokusetyenziswa kwamanqanaba kangangeminyaka eliqela. Isiqubulo esiqhelekileyo sentengiso esithi "Nanfu Battery" kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, "Xa imoto yokudlala igqityiwe, ulawulo olukude lungasetyenziswa," singumzekelo wale ngcamango.

Xa amandla eebhetri zamandla kwizithuthi ezintsha zamandla ewohloka aye kuthi ga kwi-80%, azisahlangabezani neemfuno zokuqhuba ezintsonkothileyo kunye neemfuno zamandla aphezulu ezithuthi, kwaye ngaloo ndlela "zithatha umhlalaphantsi." Nangona kunjalo, ezi bhetri azincedi kwaphela; zisagcina umthamo omkhulu oseleyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwenqanaba kubandakanya ukuvavanya, ukwahlulahlula, ukwahlulahlula, kunye nokudibanisa kwakhona ezi bhetri zingasebenziyo ukuze kwenziwe iimveliso zenqanaba ezifanelekileyo kwizicelo ezineemfuno zamandla eziphantsi kunye namandla.

Kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, Ugcino lwaMandla iye yaqatshelwa ngokubanzi njengeyona meko iphambili yesicelo esinokubakho okukhulu kokusetyenziswa okuhlukeneyo. Oku kungenxa yeenzuzo zayo ezicacileyo zethiyori.

Okokuqala, kukho inzuzo yeendleko. Iibhetri ezisetyenzisiweyo zihlala zibiza malunga nama-30% ngaphantsi kweebhetri ezintsha, nto leyo eyenza zibe nomtsalane kakhulu kwiiprojekthi zokugcina amandla ezibuthathaka kutyalo-mali lokuqala. Ngaphezu koko, iimeko zokugcina amandla ezifana nokucheba okuphezulu kunye nokuzalisa intlambo, kunye namandla okubuyisela, zinemfuno ezikhululekileyo zobomi bomjikelo webhetri kunye nokusebenza kwesantya, zihambelana ngokugqibeleleyo nexabiso eliseleyo leebhetri ezisele zisetyenzisiwe.

Ikhuthazwa yimigaqo-nkqubo, ukusetyenziswa iibhetri ezisetyenzisiweyo ibonwe kuyo yonke into ukusuka kwizikhululo zonxibelelwano ukuya ukugcinwa kwamandla kwimizi-mveliso nakwezorhwebo, kwaneeprojekthi ezithile ezisecaleni kwegridi. Ukugcinwa kwamandla kwakukhe kwathathwa njengesisombululo sokusombulula ingxaki yokuba makwenziwe ntoni ngeebhetri ezingasebenziyo.

II. Ingcamango "iyanyamalala"! Kutheni le nto kungasathethwa ngokugcinwa kwamandla?

Ngenxa yengqiqo egqibeleleyo kangaka, kutheni le mithetho mitsha iyekile ngokupheleleyo "ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo" kwaye ingakhankanyi nto ngokugcinwa kwamandla? Oku kungenxa yokungafani phakathi kokwenyani kunye nenyaniso.

Ingxaki ephambili neyintloko kukhuseleko, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okusetyenziswa kwesibini kusebenze. Emva kokufumana iimeko ezinzima zokusebenza kwezithuthi, iibhetri zamandla ezingasebenziyo zibonisa ukuguga okungaguqukiyo kwezinto zangaphakathi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba izinto zangaphakathi zingabi semgangathweni. Esi siphumo "sonxibelelwano olubuthathaka" sithetha ukuba ukusebenza nokhuseleko lwazo zonke izinto inkqubo yokugcina amandlakuxhomekeke kwibhetri ebuthathaka kakhulu. Ukutshaja kakhulu kunye nokukhupha kakhulu iseli ebuthathaka kunokukhokelela ekubalekeni kobushushu. Umzekelo, ngo-2022, indawo yokugcina amandla e-10MW ehlaziyiweyo Isikhululo sombane eNantong kwabakho ukufudumala okugqithisileyo ngenxa yomsinga ojikelezayo ngaxeshanye, nto leyo ekugqibeleni eyabangela ingozi yokhuseleko.

Kwangowama-2023, i-National Energy Administration yatsho ngokucacileyo kwi-"Twenty-Five Key Requirements for Preventing Power Produce Accidents (2023 Edition)" ukuba izitishi zamandla zokugcina amandla ze-electrochemical eziphakathi nezinkulu kufuneka zikhethe ngononophelo iibhetri zamandla ezifakwe kwi-cascaded. Ngowama-2023, iBeijing yakwalela ngokucacileyo ukusetyenziswa kweebhetri zamandla ezifakwe kwi-cascaded ekufuneni kwayo iiprojekthi ezintsha zokugcina amandla. Kwigridi yamandla, ukugcinwa kokhuseleko kwezitishi zamandla zokugcina amandla yeyona nto iphambili; ukudibanisa inani elikhulu leebhetri ezisele ziphelelwe lixesha kunye nokungaqiniseki kwigridi kufana nebhombu yexesha.

Nangona iindleko zokuthenga iibhetri ezifakwe kwi-cascaded ziphantsi, iindleko zokusebenza kwazo aziphantsi. Ukuhlolwa, ukudilizwa, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwakhona kweebhetri ezisele ziphelelwe lixesha kufuna abasebenzi abaninzi kunye nezixhobo. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, kuba ubomi obuseleyo kunzima ukubuqikelela ngokuchanekileyo, zifakwe kwi-cascaded. Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla isenokungaphumeleli ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zembuyekezo yeprojekthi emva kweminyaka embalwa yokusebenza. Abanye abahlalutyi bathi, xa kujongwa iindleko eziphezulu zokusebenza nokugcinwa kunye nobomi bomjikelo omfutshane, ixabiso nge-kilowatt-yure yeenkqubo ezinjalo linokuba phezulu kunelo leenkqubo ezisebenzisa iibhetri ezintsha. Kwimarike yangoku ekhuphisanayo kakhulu yeenkqubo zokugcina amandla, abatyali-mali badla ngokukhetha iibhetri ezintsha ezineentsebenzo ezicacileyo kunye neziqinisekiso, endaweni yokungaqiniseki kweemveliso ezisetyenzisiweyo.

Xa kwenzeka ingozi kwinkqubo yokugcina amandla esetyenzisiweyo, ngubani omele athwale uxanduva? Ngabakhi beebhetri zamandla ezisetyenziswa phezulu, okanye ngabadibanisi bebhetri ezisetyenziswa phakathi? Olu hluhlu loxanduva olungacacanga lwenza amaqela afanelekileyo athandabuze ukubandakanyeka.

Ngenxa yezi ngxaki, imakethi izaliswe ziimveliso "ezisetyenzisiweyo" zomgangatho owahlukileyo, kwaye kukho neziganeko zokusetyenziswa kweebhetri ezisetyenzisiweyo ngokungekho mthethweni kwiindawo ezineemfuno zokhuseleko eziphezulu kakhulu, ezifana neebhayisekile zombane, ezisongela ubomi kunye nepropathi yoluntu.

Ngoko ke, le mithetho mitsha ayisasebenzisi ingcamango edidayo "yokusetyenziswa kwesibini," kungekhona ukuvala indlela yokusetyenziswa kwakhona, kodwa ukuzoba umgca ocacileyo nokulungisa imeko. UMphathiswa WezoShishino Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi ugxininisa ngokucacileyo ukuba "iimveliso zebhetri, nokuba yeyiphi na indlela yokuvelisa, kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho yomgangatho efunekayo kwicandelo lesicelo." Oku kuthetha ukuba ukugcinwa kwamandla akusakwazi ukusebenza "njengenethi yokhuseleko" kwiibhetri ezingasebenziyo ezikumgangatho ophantsi, ezingakhuselekanga.

III. Kuza kwenzeka ntoni kwiibhetri eziphelelwe lixesha?

Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngo-2030, ukuveliswa kweebhetri zamandla enkunkuma kwilizwe lam kuya kudlula i-1 yezigidi zeetoni, mhlawumbi kufike kwi-171 GWh. Ukuba ukugcinwa kwamandla akusazamkeli, ziya kuya phi?

Impendulo ayisiyongxaki. Imithetho icacisa ngokucacileyo ukuba iibhetri zamandla amdaka ezingafanelekiyo ukusetyenziswa kwakhona zinokungena ngqo kwinqanaba lokusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo ukuze zikhuphe iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo. Okwangoku, ubuchwepheshe be-hydrometallurgical belizwe lam bukhulile kakhulu, kwaye ezinye iinkampani zifikelela kumazinga okubuyisela i-nickel, i-cobalt, kunye ne-manganese adlula kwi-99%, kwaye amazinga okubuyisela i-lithium adlula kwi-96%.

Oku kuthetha ukuba ukhetho olufanelekileyo lweebhetri ezisele zisetyenzisiwe lusenokungabi “kukusetyenziswa kwakhona,” kodwa “kukudiliza nokusebenzisa kwakhona.” Iibhetri zinokutyunyuzwa ngqo kwaye ziphinde zisetyenziswe ukuze kukhutshwe izinto zesinyithi ezixabisekileyo.

Nangona ingcamango "yokusetyenziswa kwe-tiered" ingasakhankanywa, oku akuthethi ukuba iibhetri eziphelelwe lixesha azinakusetyenziswa ukugcina amandla konke konke. Imfuneko kukuba kufuneka kuphuhliswe ubuchwepheshe obuphazamisayo ukuze kusonjululwe imiba esisiseko yokhuseleko kunye nokuhambelana.

Ukuthi ndlela ntle "kwindlela yokusebenzisa izinto ezisemgangathweni" akuthethi kuthi ndlela ntle kuqoqosho olujikelezayo, kodwa kunokuthi ndlela ntle kuloo xesha lidala elinobungxungxo, eliyingozi, nelingalindelekanga.